Medieval wells
In Buda, wells could be found both on private properties attached to houses and plots, as well as in public spaces such as marketplaces. The water infiltrating through the cracks of the limestone layer forming the surface of Castle Hill was filtered through a gravel layer and collected by an impermeable marl layer, from which it was brought to the surface through wells cut into the hard rock or through cellars connected to the cave system. When the natural water supply proved insufficient, it was supplemented by collecting rainwater or carrying water from elsewhere.
Archaeological excavations reveal that nearly every property likely had its own well or cistern, which, after drying up or becoming contaminated, was repurposed as a cesspit or filled with waste. Some excavated wells display wooden linings or stone masonry, and occasionally, remnants of collapsed well houses are also uncovered during excavations.